隨著在職研究生的發(fā)展，越來越多的人員報考在職研究生。其中，在職研究生考試作為最大家最關心的問題，受到不少人員的咨詢。為幫助廣大考生能夠順利考上在職研究生，下面就介紹一下全國統(tǒng)考真題及參考答案(完整版)，具體內(nèi)如下：

Section II Reading Comprehensio

Part C

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

Between 1807 and 1814 the Iberian Peninsula (comprising Spain and Portugal) was the scene of a titanic and merciless struggle. It took place on many different planes: between Napoleon’s French army and the angry inhabitants; between the British, ever keen to exacerbate the emperor’s difficulties, and the marshals sent from Paris to try to keep them in check; between new forces of science and meritocracy and old ones of conservatism and birth. (46) It was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period, a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.

I first discovered the Napoleonic cryptographic battle a few years ago when I was reading Sir Charles Oman’s epic History of the Peninsular War. In volume V he had attached an appendix, “The Scovell Ciphers.” (47) It listed many documents in code that had been captured from the French army of Spain, and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of one George Scovell, an officer in British headquarters. Oman rated Scovell’s significance highly, but at the same time, the general nature of his History meant that (48) he could not analyze carefully what this obscure officer may or may not have contributed to that great struggle between nations or indeed tell us anything much about the man himself. I was keen to read more, but was surprised to find that Oman’s appendix, published in 1914, was the only considered thing that had been written about this secret war.

I became convinced that this story was every bit as exciting and significant as that of Enigma and the breaking of German codes in the Second World War. The question was, could it be told?

Studying Scovell’s papers at the Public Record Office, London, I found that he had left an extensive journal and copious notes about his work in the peninsula. What was more, many original French dispatches had been preserved in this collection. I realized at once that this was priceless. (49) There may have been many spies and intelligence officers during the Napoleonic Wars, but it is usually extremely difficult to find the material they actually provided or worked on. Furthermore, Scovell’s story involved much more than just intelligence work. His status in Lord Wellington’s headquarters and the recognition given to him for his work were all bound up with the class politics of the army at the time. His tale of self-improvement and hard work would make a fascinating biography in its own right, but represents something more than that. (50) Just as the code breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain, so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes about British society.

【參考譯文】

46. 即使是對許多好好研讀過這段時期歷史的人來說，他們也不知道這也是一場創(chuàng)造密碼的人和破解密碼的人之間的較量。

47. 它(書中)列出了許多從西班牙的法國軍隊那里繳獲的密碼文件，這些文件的秘密已經(jīng)被英軍指揮部的一位軍官喬治?斯科維爾揭露了出來。

48. 他(阿曼)無法精細分析這位鮮為人知的軍官是否對那場國家間的大規(guī)模戰(zhàn)爭起到作用，也無法確切地告訴我們更多有關他本人的任何事情。

49. 在拿破侖戰(zhàn)爭期間，可能有很多間諜和情報官員，但通常很難找到他們實際提供或研究過的資料。

50. 正如密碼破譯在爭奪西班牙的斗爭中有其更廣泛的意義，他在晉升途徑上的嘗試也提供了很多關于英國社會的信息。